![]() Besides, glioma-neutrophil crosstalk has sustained a tumor prolonged activation via NETs formation, indicating the role of NFκB signaling in tumor progression. The given data suggests a cytokine milieu in patients with GB that favors the recruitment of neutrophils, sustaining an anti-inflammatory profile which is associated with poor prognosis. Studying the tumor energetic metabolism indicated a mitochondria mismatch shaping the TME secretome. Results and discussion: Neutrophils have shown to play an important role in tumor malignancy especially in advanced 3D tumor model and Balb/c nude mice experiments, implying a time- and neutrophil concentration-dependent modulation. Methods: Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrate the existence of bidirectional GB and neutrophil communication, directly promoting an immunosuppressive TME. In this study, we show that neutrophils are reprogrammed by the tumor to ultimately promote GB progression. The participation of neutrophils in tumor progression is still controversial and a dual role in the TME has been proposed. Introduction: The tumor microenvironment (TME) of glioblastoma (GB) is characterized by an increased infiltration of immunosuppressive cells that attenuate the antitumor immune response. 9Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.8Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.6Serviço de Neurocirurgia, Hospital São José, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Departamento de Cirurgia-Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.5Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.4Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.3Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil. ![]() 2Laboratório de Células, Tecidos e Genes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Câmara 3, Nils Ludwig 9 and Elizandra Braganhol 1* de Souza 1, Natalia Omizzollo 1, Mariana R. ![]()
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